CBSE Class 12th Physics
CBSE Class 12th Physics
Physics is often seen as the toughest subject by students. The intricate theories, complex formulas, and challenging applications make it a daunting part of the curriculum, especially for those aiming for competitive exams like NEET and JEE. Many students find it hard to grasp physics, and without a solid foundation, it can feel overwhelming. At Learn to Lead Academy, we specialize in helping students overcome their fear of physics. Our approach starts from the basics, ensuring that each concept is clear and understandable before moving to advanced topics. We break down complex principles and guide students through step-by-step problem-solving methods, helping them build confidence and competence in the subject.
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Physics plays a critical role in NEET and JEE, with questions that test not just rote learning but a student’s ability to think analytically and apply knowledge in new ways. A strong command of physics can significantly enhance a student’s score and open doors to top engineering and medical institutions. Learn to Lead Academy offers targeted courses for physics, designed to help students succeed. We cover NCERT Class 11th and 12th syllabi, focusing on essential problem-solving skills and giving students a complete understanding of the subject. Our NEET 2025 Physics Problem-Solving Class provides intensive preparation tailored specifically to the NEET exam format.
Admissions are now open! Join our program, and let us help your child transform physics from the toughest subject into one of their strengths.
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Unit 1 - Electrostatics
Electric charges and fields
- Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
- Forces between multiple charges
- Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges
- Conservation of charge
- Electric charges
- Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field
- Electric field due to a dipole
- Electric dipole
- Electric field lines
- Electric field due to a point charge
- Electric field
- Uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
- Statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire
- Electric flux
- Significant figures
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Electrical potential energy of a system of two-point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field
- Equipotential surfaces
- A dipole and system of charges
- Electric potential due to a point charge
- Potential difference
- Electric potential
- Energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).
- Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates
- Combination of capacitors in series and in parallel
- Capacitors and capacitance
- Dielectrics and electric polarization
- Free charges and bound charges inside a conductor
- Conductors and insulators
Unit 2 - Current Electricity
Current Electricity
- Wheatstone Bridge
- Kirchhoff’s Rules
- Combination of cells in series and in parallel
- Potential difference and emf of a cell
- Internal resistance of a cell
- Temperature dependence of resistance
- Electrical resistivity and conductivity
- Electrical energy and power
- V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear)
- Ohm’s law
- Mobility and their relation with electric current
- Drift velocity
- Flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor
- Electric current
Unit 3 - Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Moving charges and magnetism
- Oersted’s experiment
- Concept of magnetic field
- Biot – Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop
- Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
- Straight solenoid (only qualitative treatment)
- Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire
- Moving coil galvanometer current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
- Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
- Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field
- Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere
- Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
Magnetism and matter
- Magnetic field lines
- Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only)
- Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only)
- Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only)
- Bar magnet
- Effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
- Magnetization of materials
- Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances with examples
Unit 4 - Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic Induction
- Self and mutual induction
- Lenz’s Law
- Induced EMF and current
- Faraday’s laws
Alternating Current
- Transformer
- AC Generator
- Wattless Current
- Power Factor
- Power in AC Circuits
- Resonance
- LCR series circuit (phasors only)
- Reactance and Impedance
- Peak and RMS value of Alternating Current/Voltage
- Alternating Currents
Unit 5 - Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic spectrum (gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, radio waves) including elementary facts about their uses
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Their transverse Nature (qualitative idea only)
- Basic idea of Displacement Current
Unit 6 - Optics
Ray optics and Instruments
Ray optics
- Refraction of Light through a Prism
- Combination of thin Lenses in Contact
- Power of a Lens
- Magnification
- Lens maker’s Formula
- Thin lens Formula
- Lenses
- Refraction at Spherical Surfaces
- Total Internal Reflection and Optical Fibers
- Refraction of Light
- Mirror Formula
- Spherical Mirrors
- Reflection of Light
Optical Instruments
- Microscopes and Astronomical Telescopes (Reflecting and Refracting) and their Magnifying Powers
Wave Optics
- Width of Central Maxima (Qualitative Treatment only)
- Diffraction due to a Single Slit
- Coherent Sources and Sustained Interference of Light
- Young’s double Slit Experiment and Expression for Fringe width (No Derivation Final Expression only)
- Interference
- Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens Principle.
- Reflection and Refraction of Plane wave at a Plane Surface using Wave Fronts
- Wavefront and Huygens Principle
Unit 7 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- De-Broglie Relation
- Experimental study of Photoelectric effect Matter Waves-wave Nature of Particles
- Hertz and Lenard’s observations
- Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation-Particle Nature of Light.
- Photoelectric Effect
- Dual Nature of Radiation
Unit 8 - Atoms and Nuclei
Atoms
- Hydrogen Line Spectra (Qualitative Treatment only)
- Velocity and Energy of Electron in his Orbit
- Expression for Radius of nth Possible orbit
- Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom
- Rutherford’s Model of Atom
- Alpha-Particle Scattering Experiment
Nuclei
- Nuclear Fusion
- Nuclear Fission
- Binding Energy Per Nucleon and its Variation with Mass Number
- Mass Defect
- Nuclear Force Mass-Energy Relation
- Composition and Size of Nucleus
Unit 9 - Electronic Devices
Semiconductor Electronics – Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
- Application of Junction Diode - Diode as a Rectifier
- Semiconductor Diode – I-V characteristics in Forward and Reverse Bias
- Semiconductors and Insulators (Qualitative Ideas only) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors- p and n type, p-n Junction
- Energy Bands in Conductors
- Young’s modulus
- Hooke’s law
- Stress strain relationship
- Elasticity
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